There are views on the influence of Islam on Science in Islamic civilization. Among the viewpoints that believe in influence, issues are raised, one of which is the extent of influence and the other is the type and quality of this influence in terms of uniformity and fluctuation. In the issue of the extent of influence, we have two viewpoints with maximum differences, one is reductionist and the other is expansionist,however, despite the serious difference in the issue of scope, these two viewpoints agree on the issue of the type of the effect. That is to say, both views have seen the level of influence as uniform, which can be called the "view of uniformity". The reductionists, with a uniform view, have always considered the role of Islam on the Sciences of Islamic civilization as merely motivational and encouraging, and the developmentists, with a holistic view, have always considered the Sciences realized in Islamic civilization as an essential part of the Islamic program. Based on the findings of this research, the influence of Islam as a comprehensive theoretical school in the Sciences of Islamic civilization is uneven, and it can be accepted as an independent variable.

The idea that Science is objective, or able to achieve objectivity, is in large part responsible for the role that Science plays within society. But what is objectivity? The idea of objectivity is ambiguous. This paper distinguishes between three basic forms of objectivity. The first form of objectivity is ontological objectivity: the world as it is in itself does not depend upon what we think about it; it is independent of human thought, language, conceptual activity or experience. The second form of objectivity is the objectivity of truth: truth does not depend upon what we believe or justifiably believe; truth depends upon the way reality itself is. The third form of objectivity is epistemic objectivity: this form of objectivity resides in the scientific method which ensures that subjective factors are excluded, and only epistemically relevant factors play a role in scientific inquiry. The paper considers two problems that arise for the notion of epistemic objectivity: the theory-dependence of observation and the variability of the methods of Science. It is argued that the use of shared standard procedures ensures the objectivity of observation despite theory-dependence. It is argued that the variability of methods need not lead to an epistemic relativism about Science. The paper concludes with the realist suggestion that the best explanation of the success of the Sciences is that the methods employed in the Sciences are highly reliable truth-conducive tools of inquiry. The objectivity of the methods of the Sciences leads to the objective truth about the objective world.

The solar corona has a temperature equivalent to one million degrees Kelvin. The very high temperature of this region indicates that this region is heated to this extent by a source other than the heat emitted from the photosphere. It is thought that the energy required to heat the solar corona is provided by the very turbulent flows of the convection layer located below the photosphere, which is proposed to explain how the two types of mechanisms are different. The first mechanism includes wave heating and describes the formation of sound waves, gravity waves and magnetic hydrodynamic waves due to the presence of turbulent and turbulent currents. After being produced, these waves go up and when they hit the solar corona, they disintegrate and release energy in the form of thermal energy. The second mechanism includes magnetic heating, in which magnetic energy is continuously created by the currents in the photosphere and is released towards magnetic regions and sunspots in the form of flares and huge solar flares. In this research, using the time series taken by the IRIS telescope, different regions of the solar disk in 4 filters C II, Si IV, Mg II h and k (1330, 1400, 2796 and 2832 Å) are investigated. The morphology and displacement of magnetic bright points can be described as convective turbulence caused by super-granular flows from the center to the edge. The purpose of this research is to find out the Fluctuating morphology of the bright points in the border regions of the network and inside the network. The intensity-time graphs clearly show the coherence of the fluctuations, which is because of the common origin of these fluctuations, which are created with similar periods. Also, the wavelet analysis of intensity fluctuations showed that the frequency of fluctuations is from 2.5 to 12 minutes. Also, to investigate the wave propagation in these layers, the correlation between the chromosphere and the transition region was investigated. Due to the difference in the height of the chromosphere layer and the transition region, and the time delay obtained from the intensity fluctuations between the two mentioned layers, the wave speed was determined with an approximate value of 150 km  s-1. Examining the captured images shows that their source lies in the bright points of the chromosphere. Many jets reach a temperature of at least 105 K and form an important part of the transition region structure. They are likely an intermittent but continuous source of mass and energy for the solar wind.